In modern healthcare, antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections and reduce the risk of complications. The benefits of using antibiotics include successfully clearing the infection, easing symptoms and allowing people to return to work or school. People who take antibiotics should follow the instructions given by their doctor or in the leaflet that comes with their medication. This means completing the whole course of treatment even if they feel better before the course is over. This is important because stopping antibiotics before the course is finished increases the likelihood that bacteria will survive and become resistant to future treatment.
Antibiotics kill or stop the growth of bacteria, such as those that cause strep throat, urinary tract infections and some E coli infections. They can also be used to treat some skin infections, such as thrush and certain types of ear infections. However, they don’t work against viral infections, which include colds and most coughs.
Health care providers choose which antibiotic to use for each individual patient and situation based on many factors, including the likely pathogens involved, patient age, renal and hepatic function, past medical history, drug allergies and immunocompromised status. Antibiotic selection must also consider the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the medication, including how long it stays in the body and its side effects.
Antibiotics are available by prescription only and are taken orally (by mouth) or topically (as a cream, spray or ointment applied to the skin). Some types of topical antibiotics are also available over the counter.