Environmental protection aims to ensure that the biophysical environment remains in a healthy state and that human activities do not degrade it. Environmental degradation is caused by overconsumption, population growth and technology, as well as by natural events such as severe weather or climate change. To reduce environmental degradation, governments have enacted laws and incorporated principles into policies and practices. These include resource conservation, pollution control and waste management.
Almost all nations protect their environments to some extent. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for implementing and enforcing environmental protection laws. EPA works with states, tribes and local agencies and organizations to understand local risks and tailor reduction strategies and approaches that fit their unique situations. For example, the Clean Air Act regulates emissions to combat smog and acid rain. The Clean Water Act limits discharges of pollutants into waters, protecting aquatic life and making sure that drinking water is safe to drink.
The EPA also regulates the disposal of hazardous materials and wastes. Its programs help companies develop safe ways to handle and store these materials, design preventative maintenance procedures and prepare for emergencies. It also conducts investigations of accidents and contamination incidents.
The EPA also works to restore injured natural resources. Its scientists and economists conduct damage assessments at large waste sites, oil spills and other environmental disasters. They work with others to develop strategies for reducing the contaminant loads and restoring the original habitats of species. These efforts are helped by the use of new technologies such as remote sensing and data analytics.