Biodiversity is the totality of all living species on Earth, their genetic differences and relationships to each other. This complex web of life underpins the natural world, and sustains all human beings through regulating services like food production and protection from extreme weather.
Species and ecosystems that are diverse and healthy have more resilience to threats like climate change, pollution, habitat loss, disease, pests and invasive species. A significant decline in biodiversity threatens the planet’s ability to support life, including people. Humankind relies on biodiversity for a wide range of physical resources, from timber and fibers to essential medicines and food.
Diverse species provide the foundation for healthy ecosystems and a resilient global economy. Biodiversity makes agriculture and forestry more sustainable by enhancing soil fertility, crop pollination, natural pest control, the detoxification of wastes and water purification. For example, wetlands are vital for protecting water source health and challenge the need for artificial water treatment; but they are at risk from habitat destruction.
In addition, healthy biodiversity is a key to combating air and water pollution; reducing the impacts of climate instability; and mitigating the frequency and severity of extreme weather events. It is also important for human health – biodiversity contributes to healthy, resilient communities that can adapt to the effects of environmental changes and stresses. This is why many Smithsonian scientists are working to develop ways to monitor and track biodiversity over time, so that we can measure the impact of our actions on the planet.